Water quality: the missing dimension of water in the water–energy–food nexus

The role of water quality, particularly its impact on health, environment and wider well-being, are rarely acknowledged in the water–energy–food (WEF) nexus. Here we demonstrate necessity to include quality within dimension WEF nexus address complex multi-disciplinary challenges facing humanity. Firstly, energy food dimensions vice versa at multiple scales, from households cities, regions transboundary basins. Secondly, use examples how including would have augmented improved analysis application. Finally, encourage hydrological scientists promote relevant research as addressing challenges. To make tangible progress, propose that interactions focuses initially “hotspots,” such semi-arid areas, areas dependent groundwater or climate change-threatened meltwater.